Published by Arc-Humanities Press, COLONIALITY AND THE RISE OF LIBERATION THINKING DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY first explores the types of subordination in the New World, chattel slavery, the encomienda, peonage, and the disrespect for Christ’s axiom about separating Caesar and God. It then explores anti-hegemonic thought from Northern Europe, St. Thomas More and Erasmus of Rotterdam, two men of letters who had a great impact on the newly discovered lands. From there the discussion turns to Bartolomé de las Casas who proposed a Christian not a military conquest culminating in the indigenous Peruvian the chief Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala. The book concludes that a form of liberation thinking existed in the world long before the Liberation Theology of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.